The hooked cutting edge of the blade ensures that the scraper removes unwanted material without marking the surface of the wall or floor.
In order to remove material efficiently, the steel blades are tempered which increases their toughness and decreases their hardness.
The surface being scraped is harder than, and so resistant to, the blade.
The stress is absorbed by the blade rather than the floor. This means that the blades will eventually become dull after use, and will need to be either replaced or sharpened.
The scraper blades work effectively because they are harder than the paint or glue they are designed to remove, and so can easily deform them.